{"id":8118,"date":"2023-09-24T15:55:55","date_gmt":"2023-09-24T13:55:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/?p=8118"},"modified":"2023-09-24T15:59:07","modified_gmt":"2023-09-24T13:59:07","slug":"titulky-nejsou-jen-berlicka","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/titulky-nejsou-jen-berlicka\/","title":{"rendered":"Titulky nejsou jen berli\u010dka"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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Jsou titulky jen berli\u010dkou k pochopen\u00ed d\u011bje? D\u00e1 se na nich u\u0161et\u0159it nasazen\u00edm strojov\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu? Podle glob\u00e1ln\u00ed mana\u017eerky p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 agentury Sk\u0159iv\u00e1nek, Jaroslavy Ouzk\u00e9, ano.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Server euro.cz ned\u00e1vno vydal \u010dl\u00e1nek<\/a>, v n\u011bm\u017e se Ouzk\u00e1 rozpov\u00eddala o spolupr\u00e1ci se streamovac\u00edmi platformami a vyu\u017eit\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek mezi p\u0159ekladateli vyvolal vlnu nesouhlasu a je v n\u011bm bohu\u017eel n\u011bkolik v\u00fdrok\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou nejen myln\u00e9, ale poukazuj\u00ed i na nepochopen\u00ed pr\u00e1ce p\u0159ekladatele.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Snad nejkontroverzn\u011bji p\u016fsob\u00ed vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed, kdy Ouzk\u00e1 p\u0159irovn\u00e1v\u00e1 titulky k berli\u010dce, jej\u00ed\u017e zhotoven\u00ed si m\u016f\u017eeme usnadnit strojov\u00fdm p\u0159ekladem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dovolujeme si s pan\u00ed mana\u017eerkou ani v jednom nesouhlasit. Ale popo\u0159ad\u011b: Titulky rozhodn\u011b nepokl\u00e1d\u00e1me za berli\u010dku \u010di doprovodn\u00fd prvek k audiovizu\u00e1ln\u00edmu d\u00edlu, ale za jeho ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st. Dob\u0159e vyroben\u00e9 titulky div\u00e1kovi zprost\u0159edkuj\u00ed nejen syrov\u00e9 emoce p\u016fvodn\u00edho zn\u011bn\u00ed, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad i mo\u017enost se v dan\u00e9m jazyce zlep\u0161it. Kvalitn\u00ed titulky neru\u0161\u00ed a na velmi omezen\u00e9m prostoru splynou s d\u011bjem natolik, \u017ee je div\u00e1k ani nevn\u00edm\u00e1 \u2013 t\u0159eba si vynal\u00e9zav\u011b porad\u00ed se slovn\u00edmi h\u0159\u00ed\u010dkami tak, \u017ee vyzn\u00ed vtipn\u011b i v c\u00edlov\u00e9m jazyce. Proto pokud p\u0159eklad sv\u011b\u0159\u00edme stroji \u010di nep\u0159\u00edli\u0161 kvalitn\u00edmu p\u0159ekladateli, je o zka\u017een\u00fd z\u00e1\u017eitek postar\u00e1no.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V \u010dl\u00e1nku je n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t sklo\u0148ov\u00e1no Disney+. Bohu\u017eel velmi nekonzistentn\u00ed kvalita titulk\u016f zrovna na t\u00e9to platform\u011b sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o tom, \u017ee \u0159ada agentur k titulk\u016fm skute\u010dn\u011b p\u0159istupuje jen jako k \u201eberli\u010dce\u201c a \u0161et\u0159\u00ed, kde se d\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

O titulc\u00edch se p\u0159itom d\u00e1 mluvit jako o jist\u00e9 form\u011b um\u011bn\u00ed. Jsou chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 autorsk\u00fdm z\u00e1konem, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed autorsk\u00e9 d\u00edlo. Bylo by tedy smutn\u00e9, kdyby se staly ob\u011bt\u00ed korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed honby za sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm n\u00e1klad\u016f. Do velk\u00e9 m\u00edry bude z\u00e1le\u017eet na div\u00e1c\u00edch, zda se spokoj\u00ed se strojem obstaranou berli\u010dkou, nebo budou po\u017eadovat kvalitu a lidskou kreativitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Optimismus v tomto sm\u011bru dod\u00e1v\u00e1 facebookov\u00e1 skupina P\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 perly, kter\u00e1 aktu\u00e1ln\u011b \u010d\u00edt\u00e1 p\u0159es 130 tis\u00edc \u010dlen\u016f a kde jsou na denn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky upozor\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed na mizern\u00e9 titulky, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m placen\u00e9 slu\u017eby jako Disney+ nebo Netflix leckdy nab\u00edzej\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S n\u011b\u010d\u00edm podobn\u00fdm se m\u016f\u017eeme setkat i na port\u00e1lu titulky.com, kam u\u017eivatel\u00e9 \u010dasto nahr\u00e1vaj\u00ed titulky \u201eripnut\u00e9\u201c z r\u016fzn\u00fdch streamovac\u00edch platforem. Takov\u00e9 titulky m\u00edvaj\u00ed v popisku uvedeno, \u017ee jsou \u201ez kvalitn\u00edho zdroje\u201c. Pokud ale jejich kvalita neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, u\u017eivatel\u00e9 nad nimi lamentuj\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159ejd\u011bme te\u010f ke strojov\u00e9mu p\u0159ekladu. \u0158ada p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00fdch agentur dnes argumentuje, \u017ee tato technologie p\u0159ekladatel\u016fm \u0161et\u0159\u00ed \u010das. Mohou se pr\u00fd d\u00edky n\u00ed v\u00edce v\u011bnovat kreativn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti sv\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, nemus\u00ed tolik \u201edatlovat\u201c a maj\u00ed prostor se d\u00e9le zamyslet nad t\u00edm, jak\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edt, aby v\u00fdsledek vyzn\u011bl co nejl\u00e9pe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jen\u017ee zku\u0161enosti z praxe v kreativn\u00edch oborech (mezi n\u011b\u017e se audiovizu\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159eklad \u0159ad\u00ed) hovo\u0159\u00ed jinak. P\u0159ekladatel\u00e9 nam\u00edtaj\u00ed, \u017ee pokud p\u0159ed n\u011b n\u011bkdo postav\u00ed ji\u017e p\u0159elo\u017een\u00fd, nedokonal\u00fd text, je pro n\u011b t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed se od n\u011bho odpoutat a p\u0159ij\u00edt s n\u00e1paditou n\u00e1hradou. Jako p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed by se dala pou\u017e\u00edt situace, kdy jeden po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 od jedni\u010dky do stovky a druh\u00fd mu do ucha \u0161ept\u00e1 libovoln\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla. Takzvan\u00e1 post-editace strojov\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu mnohdy zabere v\u00edce \u010dasu ne\u017e \u201eklasick\u00fd\u201c p\u0159eklad a nen\u00ed proto divu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina titulk\u00e1\u0159\u016f strojov\u00fd p\u0159eklad bez v\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed ma\u017ee a p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 \u201eod nuly\u201c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Proti vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to technologie v audiovizu\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ekladu hovo\u0159\u00ed i skute\u010dnost, \u017ee \u201edatlov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c tvo\u0159\u00ed jen nepatrn\u00fd zlomek \u010dasu audiovizualisty. Ten naopak v\u011bt\u0161inu pracovn\u00ed doby tr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159em\u00edt\u00e1n\u00edm nad t\u00edm, jak danou repliku, rozpolo\u017een\u00ed postavy a sc\u00e9nu obecn\u011b co nejl\u00e9pe vyj\u00e1d\u0159it v c\u00edlov\u00e9m jazyce. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159i tom mus\u00ed db\u00e1t na technick\u00e9 parametry, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na rychlost \u010dten\u00ed. Tu strojov\u00fd p\u0159eklad ignoruje a moc nepom\u016f\u017ee ani s kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi v\u011btami, nebo\u0165 mu (zat\u00edm) chyb\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161ina d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch slo\u017eek kontextu \u2013 t\u00f3n hlasu, mimika herce, hudba, obraz, prost\u0159ed\u00ed nebo informace o pou\u017eit\u00ed slangu, pohlav\u00ed postav, o vztaz\u00edch mezi nimi a z toho plynouc\u00edho tyk\u00e1n\u00ed nebo vyk\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeliko\u017e strojov\u00fd p\u0159eklad \u201evyhazuje\u201c jen omezen\u00fd po\u010det \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, hroz\u00ed nav\u00edc jeho nadu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm zplo\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed jazyka a jeho postupn\u00e9 ochuzov\u00e1n\u00ed o m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dast\u00e9 v\u00fdrazy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ruku v ruce s t\u00edm v\u0161\u00edm jde praktika, kterou dnes zkou\u0161\u00ed \u0159ada agentur a ke kter\u00e9 se v \u010dl\u00e1nku nep\u0159\u00edmo dozn\u00e1v\u00e1 i mana\u017eerka Ouzk\u00e1 \u2013 toti\u017e sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sazeb zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e9 nasazen\u00edm strojov\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu a s t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed domn\u011blou \u00fasporou \u010dasu. S ohledem na fakt, \u017ee n\u00e1m stroj \u010das neu\u0161et\u0159\u00ed (sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak), je takov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup nef\u00e9r. Nen\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, aby n\u00e1m strojov\u00fd p\u0159eklad zadavatel\u00e9 nutili, a je\u0161t\u011b n\u00e1m za to sni\u017eovali sazby \u2013 obzvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, kdy\u017e je jeho nasazen\u00ed pro n\u00e1s sp\u00ed\u0161e kontraproduktivn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u011bli bychom zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee se nestav\u00edme proti vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Stav\u00edme se proti jejich zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, nef\u00e9rov\u00e9mu tlaku na sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed sazeb a sl\u00e1bnouc\u00edmu d\u016frazu na kvalitu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Strojov\u00fd p\u0159eklad se pro audiovizu\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00edla tedy nehod\u00ed. Je ale n\u011bjak\u00e1 technologie, kter\u00e1 by n\u00e1m pr\u00e1ci usnadnila? Ano. Potenci\u00e1l by mohl m\u00edt t\u0159eba takov\u00fd n\u00e1stroj, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 tzv. p\u0159ekladovou pam\u011b\u0165 a hl\u00eddal by n\u00e1m konzistentnost mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi epizodami. Jako zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed se nab\u00edz\u00ed i hlasov\u00e9 zad\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. To by n\u00e1m u\u0161et\u0159ilo \u010das s on\u00edm \u00famorn\u00fdm \u201edatlov\u00e1n\u00edm\u201c, kter\u00e9 zadavatele zjevn\u011b tak tr\u00e1p\u00ed a jeho\u017e n\u00e1s cht\u011bj\u00ed u\u0161et\u0159it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u00edce se na toto t\u00e9ma do\u010dtete nap\u0159\u00edklad ve skv\u011ble zpracovan\u00e9m Manifestu AVTE o strojov\u00e9m p\u0159ekladu<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed rozmach neuronov\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed, jazykov\u00fdch model\u016f a um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence m\u00e1 samoz\u0159ejm\u011b i sv\u011btlou str\u00e1nku. Tyto n\u00e1stroje jasn\u011b z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v oblasti osobn\u00edho pou\u017eit\u00ed. B\u011b\u017en\u00fdm u\u017eivatel\u016fm otev\u00edraj\u00ed dve\u0159e do sv\u011bta a prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm automatick\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu jim nap\u0159\u00edklad umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed sledovat cizojazy\u010dn\u00e9 videorecepty na YouTube. Takto um\u011ble vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 titulky jsou sice dosti kostrbat\u00e9, ale k pochopen\u00ed postupu sta\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nutno v\u0161ak podotknout, \u017ee tureck\u00e9 recepty na zape\u010denou zeleninu jsou jedna v\u011bc a filmov\u00e1 tvorba v\u011bc druh\u00e1. Ta si vy\u017eaduje l\u00e9ta kreativn\u00ed a zap\u00e1len\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce a\u017e stovek lid\u00ed. Pokud n\u011bkdo tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee filmov\u00e9 titulky sta\u010d\u00ed prohnat strojem a jen je doladit, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed to o jeho ne\u00fact\u011b nejen k filmov\u00fdm tv\u016frc\u016fm a titulk\u00e1\u0159\u016fm, ale i k samotn\u00fdm div\u00e1k\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Autor: Petr Remis \u010cermoch<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Jsou titulky jen berli\u010dkou k pochopen\u00ed d\u011bje? D\u00e1 se na nich u\u0161et\u0159it nasazen\u00edm strojov\u00e9ho p\u0159ekladu? Podle glob\u00e1ln\u00ed mana\u017eerky p\u0159ekladatelsk\u00e9 agentury Sk\u0159iv\u00e1nek, Jaroslavy Ouzk\u00e9, ano. Server euro.cz ned\u00e1vno vydal \u010dl\u00e1nek, v n\u011bm\u017e se Ouzk\u00e1 rozpov\u00eddala o spolupr\u00e1ci se streamovac\u00edmi platformami a vyu\u017eit\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch technologi\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek mezi p\u0159ekladateli vyvolal vlnu nesouhlasu a je v n\u011bm bohu\u017eel n\u011bkolik v\u00fdrok\u016f, kter\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8123,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_seopress_robots_primary_cat":"none","_seopress_titles_title":"","_seopress_titles_desc":"","_seopress_robots_index":"","_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[54,58],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-8118","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-novinky","category-pro-tisk"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8118"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8118"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8127,"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8118\/revisions\/8127"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8123"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8118"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8118"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/dev.mrsdivi.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}